Brief History of the 网曝门 Police Department: Part One of a Two-Part Series
The University of Central Arkansas Police Department, (网曝门PD), is a professional law enforcement organization that utilizes professionally-trained officers and the most up-to-date technology to fight crime and protect the students, faculty, staff and visitors at the University of Central Arkansas.聽While the 网曝门PD is impressive in its organization, training and its ability to fulfill its mission, it came from a very modest and humble beginning.
The first providers of security at 网曝门 were not professional police officers, but 鈥渘ight watchmen.鈥 The position of night watchman began in the late 1920s and the first person in this capacity that can be identified was H.V. Summers. Mr. Summers was paid $90.00 per month in 1929 to patrol the campus after dark, according to the 1929 budget.
The Great Depression soon hit after the 1929 budget was approved and 网曝门 suffered financially as did the rest of the state and nation. The 网曝门 faculty and staff saw their salaries cut by 10% on two separate occasions and then they suffered another reduction in pay in 1935. They were also paid in warrants instead of cash which also reduced their income. As a staff member, the night watchman also received cuts in pay. In addition to the general reduction in pay, the night watchman鈥檚 pay was reduced far more than most staff members.
At the beginning of the Great Depression the night watchman position was funded at $90.00 per month. However, as the Great Depression worsened, the night watchman鈥檚 salary was gradually reduced each year until it hit its lowest point of $33 per month in 1939. Apparently, the night watchman was deemed necessary by 网曝门 administrators because the position was funded throughout the Great Depression.
The night watchman was not armed as law enforcement officers are today. He did not have a firearm, pepper spray, or radio, just a flashlight and in one case the night watchman carried a small baton or black jack slapper. At some point the night watchmen were issued uniforms, however, they were not standard police issue uniforms. One of the earliest uniforms issued to a 网曝门 night watchman was a band uniform that came from the 网曝门 Department of Music.
In 1954 Floyd Mills, who had already been teaching in Arkansas鈥檚 public schools, returned to 网曝门 to complete his degree in education. To supplement his income while taking classes he worked as a night watchman on campus from 1954 to 1956. He was issued a uniform from the 网曝门 Department of Music that was dyed navy blue. The navy blue coat had two rows of brass buttons on its front and according to his son, Russell Mills, a Conway businessman, it looked a great deal like the uniforms worn by members of the New York City Police Department.
Mr. Mills patrolled the 网曝门 campus during the evening and when he caught students, or any other individuals engaged in wrong-doing, he apprehended them and locked them in Torreyson Library (that building is now known as Harrin Hall). Those who were detained in Torreyson Library were kept under lock and key until an officer from the Conway Police Department arrived to take them into custody. Before Mr. Mills ended his employment at 网曝门 in 1956, his title changed from night watchman to 鈥渘ight supervisor of students.鈥
The title of night supervisor of students soon gave way to another title, 鈥渟ecurity officer.鈥 The first person to hold this title was Hoye Henry, who began his duties as security officer at 网曝门 in 1958. During the 1960-1961 academic year, the 网曝门 budget showed that Officer Henry was paid $3,600 per year plus a house and utilities.
During the decade of the 1960s there was unrest on many college campuses in the form of student-led demonstrations and in some cases, riots. 网曝门, however, did not experience massive student demonstrations and certainly no riots. But, it is believed that the events at other colleges did influence the 网曝门 administration in regard to matters of security.
鈥淐ampus Security鈥 was the rather generic name that was given to the department for which the security officers worked. According to the 1971-1972 State College of Arkansas (网曝门鈥檚 name at the time) Campus Bulletin, 鈥淐ampus Security Officers are on duty twenty-four hours a day. This security coverage is for the protection of students, faculty, staff and College and private property.鈥
James Ed Smith, who began his career at 网曝门 in 1967 and retired from the 网曝门PD after 32 years of service, said some of his early responsibilities included responding to altercations between students, breaking up panty raids, checking buildings at night and also issuing tickets. He also said that in 1967 Campus Security did not have its own office but shared an office with 网曝门鈥檚 physical plant superintendent, Noble Wimberly.
Smith said that Campus Security officers also responded to blue light calls in front of women鈥檚 residence halls. Women students had no key to open the main doors of their residence halls, and after a certain time in the evening the doors were locked. If a female student returned to her residence hall after the doors were locked, she had to turn on a blue light in front of the building which would then signal a passing Campus Security officer to stop and let the female student into her residence hall. Smith said the officers passed by the female residence halls every 10 to 15 minutes. There was no blue light system for the men鈥檚 residence halls.
UCA began the decade with one security officer, but by 1969 there were nine security officers in uniform and by 1975 there were 13 security officers on duty. Another part of the reason for the rapid growth in security personnel can almost certainly be attributed to the steady annual growth of 网曝门鈥檚 enrollment. In 1960, 网曝门鈥檚 enrollment was 1,681 but by 1975, 网曝门鈥檚 enrollment had grown to 4,759 students.
Campus Security received a new name by the end of the 1970s and was called 鈥淒epartment of Public Safety.鈥 According to the 1992-1994 网曝门 Bulletin, 鈥淧ublic Safety officers are on duty twenty-four hours a day for the protection of students, faculty, staff, and University and private property.鈥 As you鈥檝e undoubtedly noticed, the wording of the purpose of the Department of Public Safety is virtually identical to the wording of the purpose of Campus Security that was written in 1971.
In July 1972, after one year on the job as a 网曝门 security officer, Billy Leach, who had recently retired from the U.S. Air Force and had 16 years of Air Force Security Police experience, was made Chief of Campus Security. The first area Chief Leach wanted to improve upon was in public relations and how the security officers could better interact with the students.
In a recent interview with this author, Chief Leach stated, 鈥淚n observing the relationship between the students and myself, it wasn鈥檛 what I wanted between our officers and the students. I wanted the officers to work with the students and not throw the book at them and be somewhat friendly and hospitable.鈥
Chief Leach was very concerned that his officers had not been properly trained. Soon after taking the job as Chief he began taking steps to alleviate this problem and properly train his officers. In addition to the on campus training Leach provided, he also sent his officers to the Arkansas Law Enforcement Training Academy at East Camden, Arkansas. According to Arkansas law all law enforcement officers had to be certified to make an arrest and this certification was acquired by proper training and passing the required tests.
According to Chief Leach, 鈥溚孛 officers had the legal authority to make an arrest anywhere in the State of Arkansas. However, 网曝门 officials preferred that 网曝门 officers limit their authority to the 网曝门 campus.鈥
After Bob Blankenship was elected Faulkner County Sheriff, Chief Leach invited Sheriff Blankenship to 网曝门 to conduct advanced training classes for 网曝门 officers. According to Leach, all colleges and universities in Arkansas sent their police officers to 网曝门 to attend the training provided by Sheriff Blankenship and other instructors.
The training that was provided to the police officers at 网曝门 included weapons instruction, firing range and classroom instruction on various topics. One particular training session lasted two weeks, with officers attending classes all day.
To assist with the police training at 网曝门 several city police departments participated by sending experienced officers to serve as instructors. Some of the cities, agencies and individuals that furnished instructors to Chief Leach were Conway, North Little Rock, Little Rock, University of Arkansas Police Department, the Pulaski County Prosecuting Attorney, District Court Judge Jack Roberts and Circuit Court Judge David Reynolds.
Before the issuance of firearms in 1981, 网曝门 security officers had no issued weapons whatsoever. They had a uniform, badge, handcuffs, a whistle and in 1977 they were issued mobile radios. The lack of weaponry greatly hampered the officers2鈥 ability to do their jobs.
In 1981, a milestone was reached when Department of Public Safety officers were issued firearms. Chief Leach saw the need for weapons and requested that the administration provide firearms for his officers. The decision to issue firearms was done with some regret, according to 网曝门 President Jeff Farris, who was quoted in The Echo as saying, 鈥淭he obligation of the Public Safety Department on campus is to protect students. With non-student traffic we鈥檝e had and the size the university has reached, it seems that is the only way we can fulfill that obligation.鈥 By 1981 网曝门鈥檚 enrollment was slightly above 6,000 students.
Chief Leach requested that the officers be given firearms due to situations that arose where the officers and/or students felt they were in danger. According to Chief Leach, 鈥淎ll officers had to receive special training before they could ever be armed by the University. Jim Elliott of the Arkansas State Police was the chief instructor in getting the officers qualified so they could be authorized to carry side arms. Even though I had 16 years experience in Air Force Security Police I also underwent handgun training under Elliott.鈥 The handguns that were issued to the officers were Smith & Wesson .38 caliber revolvers.
Once the officers received their newly issued handguns, they were somewhat more confident in doing their jobs, according to Chief Leach. Training on firearms continued and was ongoing. Chief Leach had his officers attend the firing range no less than once every six months.
The 网曝门 Board of Trustees purchased 14 handguns in June 1981 and also issued a set of rules to be followed governing the use of firearms. Officers of the Department of Public Safety began carrying firearms on August 21, 1981.
Chief Leach retired from the 网曝门 Department of Public Safety in 1992, after 21 years of service. According to the September 9, 1992 Echo, 鈥淟each said things are very different now when compared to 1971, the year he began his career in 网曝门 Public Safety. We had one desk, one filing cabinet, and three chairs. When the chairs were filled, it was a full-house. The two cars we had did not even look like police cars. They had a small blue light mounted behind the grill.鈥
鈥淪tudents had to flag officers down because there was no radio communication鈥each said his greatest accomplishment was getting the officers armed during the summer of 1981. During that time, marijuana was popular and officers were conducting busts and arrests bare-handed. It took me a long time to convince the administration to agree that officers needed arms and professional training. When the officers were first armed, Leach said students told him, now, we feel like you can protect us.鈥
Author鈥檚 Note: Part Two will be published next Monday in this paper. Sources for this article include The Echo, The Scroll, ASTC, SCA and 网曝门 Bulletins, 网曝门 Archives 鈥 M99-01 鈥 Official Records of 网曝门 collection, 网曝门 Institutional Research, Russell Mills, James Ed Smith, Billy Leach, Minutes of the 网曝门 Board of Trustees, 鈥淎 History of Arkansas State Teachers College鈥 by Ted Worley and 鈥淭he Centennial History of the University of Central Arkansas” by Jimmy Bryant, 网曝门 Archivist.聽聽 – Jimmy Bryant, director of the 网曝门 Archives.
UCA President Tom Courtway kicked off the first 鈥淐ampus Talk鈥 of the new year聽 by outlining challenges for the university and informing聽 the campus community of his expectations.
The University of Central Arkansas Foundation is pleased to announce the creation of the Jeremy Duplessis 网曝门 Police Department Student Assistance Fund. This fund was created in memoriam and honor of Jeremy Duplessis, a former officer of the 网曝门 Police Department who served the 网曝门 campus community from 2005 to 2009.
Two volunteers with the Faulkner County Juvenile Court have been recognized for their service and commitment to help improve the lives of young people.
Gordon facilitates the court鈥檚 Teen Girls Book Club. She also supervises the court鈥檚 tutoring program. She most recently coordinated and conducted a workshop on dating and domestic violence.
After nearly four decades of in the classroom, James Brodman has officially retired from teaching in the Department of History.